What are the symptoms of dental implant infection?

Risk factors for dental implant infection

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The most common causes of implant infection are:

• poor oral hygiene,

• smoking, and

• previous periodontal disease.

Proper implant aftercare is vital. If you don’t brush and floss daily, you allow for the introduction and habitation of bacteria and fungus in the mouth. These gradually make their way towards the soft and hard tissues surrounding the implant. Infections may lead to a variety of dental implant problems.

Tobacco users have a higher concentration of an enzyme called arginase in their spit. It is argued that it lowers nitric oxide production. This makes saliva more acidic, creating a perfect environment for bacteria to thrive. Smokers are therefore more vulnerable to dental implant infections.

Patients with a history of periodontitis are also at higher risk. It certainly has to be treated before implantation can take place, but gum disease has a tendency to come back. Bone loss is likewise more prominent in such cases, leading to a larger rate of implant failure.

All in all, implant infection is almost always linked to patient-oriented risk factors. The following are worth noting, but the rate of infection caused by these is very low:

• hypersensitivity to titanium,

• systemic diseases like diabetes,

• excess amount of cement at the time of crown placement, and

• uneven distribution of biting force.

Dental implants infection symptoms

If you observe any of these signs, immediately contact your dentist:

• swelling around the implant,

• changes in the color of the gums,

• bleeding from the implant site,

• a loose implant,

• a fever,

• throbbing in your ear, and

• pain that doesn’t go away with medication.

Soreness is relatively rare in conjunction with implant infection, but if it is present, it usually means the problem is severe. Other causes for concern are similar to sinus lift and bone graft infection symptoms.

If you experience any of these symptoms, search for emergency dental care near you immediately.

Dental implant infection symptoms also include a large probing depth of the peri-implant pockets and gradual bone loss in the affected area. Those, however, can only be diagnosed by a professional such as a dentist or periodontist.

Stages of dental implant infection

Tooth implant infection can be described in two stages. The first is referred to as peri-implant mucositis. When left untreated, it can transform into a more serious condition, peri-implantitis.

Both progress similarly to gum disease but may develop more rapidly. This is because the attachment of an implant is less durable than that of a natural tooth. Signs can even occur years after implant placement.

How to treat a dental implant infection

First of all an X-ray will be done to determine whether there was any bone loss. This is followed by periodontal probing. This allows for accurate diagnosis of the stage of infection. Then, the dentist will suggest a treatment plan.

The following are the most popular remedies. Usually a combination is performed.

Mechanical cleaning

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Shallow mucosal pockets can be cleaned with an ultrasonic device or carbon fiber curettes. This is called sub-mucosal debridement. The high-frequency waves allow the dentist to remove the contaminated material from around the implant.

If the mucosal pockets are 5mm or deeper your dentist might suggest polishing with a rubber cup and paste, mechanical flossing, or delicate scaling instruments. In such a case, the instruments have to go in deeper and it is important not to roughen the surface of the rod.

Mechanical debridement is often conducted in conjunction with locally administered antiseptic. This is only done if the pocket depth is larger than 4mm.

Surgical procedure

Surgical management of implant infection is generally performed when the rod is placed in a non-aesthetic site.

The gums are cut open and flapped back to allow better access to the contaminated area. A mechanical cleaning is performed, often in conjunction with antiseptics. This procedure is sometimes referred to as open-flap debridement.

This option comes with a lot of possible complications. The exposure of porous membranes can lead to further infection, especially during the healing period. It should only be performed if the other types of treatment fail.

Dental implant infection antibiotics

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The dentist will examine the periodontal condition of the remaining teeth. On the basis of this information he or she will determine whether to administer antibiotics locally or systemically.

If peri-implantitis is limited to the immediate surrounding of the implant and there is no other disease present in the mouth, localized antibiotics might be prescribed. They will be distributed to the affected site for a few days.

If the infection is generalized to a larger area in the mouth, antibiotics might be delivered systemically. The same happens when the patient is simultaneously suffering from periodontitis.

Antibiotics treatment may have to be repeated within a few weeks or months.

Implant removal

If peri-implant mucositis has developed into peri-implantitis and a significant amount of bone was lost, the implant may have to be removed. This can be done with a surgical instrument called a trephine.

Alternatively, the dentist might decide to allow bone loss to continue up to a point when the implant can be extracted with forceps. This decision is made when there is less than 3 to 4 mm of supporting bone.

Some patients may qualify for reimplantation after bone grafting and several months of healing.